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Latest publications

08 June 2023

Impacts of climate change on defence-related critical energy infrastructure

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Climate Report 2023
This ground-breaking study addresses for the first time the links between European Union defence, energy and climate change, proposing a set of concrete recommendations to defence decision-makers on climate change mitigation and adaptation. The study explores the impacts of climate change on the European Union defence sector and armed forces, particularly via dependencies on critical energy infrastructure, their vulnerabilities, providing real-life examples to demonstrate current challenges and opportunities, and addresses emerging and future requirements for managing climate risk. European Union Ministries of Defence and relevant stakeholders are expected to gain important insights from this study that can be used to ensure sustainability and resilience of critical energy infrastructure. This study was produced in the context of the Consultation Forum for Sustainable Energy in the Defence and Security Sector to support the implementation of the European Union’s Climate Change and Defence Roadmap in the framework of the European Union’s Strategic Compass for Security and Defence. 
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Defence data

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The European Defence Agency collects defence data on an annual basis which is provided by the Ministries of Defence of the Agency’s 27 Member States. EDA acts as the custodian of the data and publishes the aggregated figures in its annual Defence Data Reports.

EDA’s defence data publications provide key indicators such as total defence expenditure, defence investment, collaborative investment and spending on research and technology.

A complete dataset is available since 2006, based on the revised list of indicators, including the four agreed collective benchmarks for investment, as approved by the Agency’s Ministerial Steering Board.

Defence Data